Diversity of respiratory viruses present in nasal swabs under influenza suspicion in respiratory disease cases of weaned pigs.

Respiratory diseases in weaned pigs are a common problem, with a complex etiology involving both viruses and bacteria. In the present study, we investigated the presence of eleven viruses in nasal swabs, collected from nurseries (55 cases) under the suspicion of swine influenza A virus (swIAV) and submitted by swine veterinarians for diagnosis. The other ten viruses included in the study were influenza B (IBV) and D (IDV), Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), Porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), Porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV), Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), 3 (PCV3) and 4 (PCV), Porcine parainfluenza 1 (PPIV1) and Swine orthopneumovirus (SOV). Twenty-six swIAV-positive cases and twenty-nine cases of swIAV-negative respiratory disease were primarily established. While IBV, IDV, PCV4 and PPIV1 were not found in any of the cases, PRCV, SOV, and PCMV were more likely to be found in swIAV-positive nurseries with respiratory disease (p < 0.05). Overall, PCV3, PRRSV, and PCMV were the most frequently detected agents at herd level. Taken individually, virus prevalence was: swIAV, 48.6%; PRCV, 48.0%; PRRSV, 31.6%; SOV, 33.8%; PCMV, 48.3%, PCV2, 36.0%; and PCV3, 33.0%. Moreover, low Ct values (<30) were common for all agents, except PCV2 and PCV3. When the correlation between pathogens was individually examined, the presence of PRRSV was negatively correlated with swIAV and PRCV, while was positively associated to PCMV (p < 0.05). Also, PRCV and SOV were positively correlated between them and negatively with PCMV. Besides, the analysis of suckling pig samples, collected in subclinically infected farrowing units under an influenza monitoring program, showed that circulation of PRCV, PCMV, SOV, and PCV3 started during the early weeks of life. Interestingly, in those subclinically infected units, none of the pathogens was found to be correlated to any other. Overall, our data may contribute to a better understanding of the complex etiology and epidemiology of respiratory diseases in weaners. This is the first report of SOV in Spain and shows, for the first time, the dynamics of this pathogen in swine farms.

IMPACT of COVID-19 LOCKDOWN on STILLBIRTHS and PRETERM BIRTHS among WOMEN with TWIN PREGNANCIES in MELBOURNE

Background: Melbourne's 2020 pandemic lockdown was associated with an increase in stillbirths and a reduction in preterm births (PTB) among singleton pregnancies. Twin pregnancies may be particularly susceptible due to higher background risk. We aimed to compare the rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes in twin pregnancies exposed and unexposed to Melbourne's lockdown. Method(s): Multicentre retrospective cohort study of all twin pregnancies > 20 weeks birthing in all 12 public maternity hospitals in Melbourne. Multivariable log-binominal regressions were used to compare outcomes between a pre-pandemic control group ('unexposed') independently with two lockdown-exposed groups: exposure 1 from 22 March 2020 to 21 March 2021 (pre-vaccination era) and exposure 2 from 22 March 2021 to 27 March 2022 (vaccination era). Result(s): We included 2259 pregnancies. There were fewer PTBs < 37 weeks during exposure 1 compared with the pre-pandemic era (63.1% vs. 68.3%;adjusted risk-ratio (aRR) 0.95;95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88-0.98, P = 0.01). This lower rate was most prominent in iatrogenic PTB for suspected fetal compromise (13.4% vs. 20.3%;aRR 0.94 95% CI 0.90-0.99, P = 0.01). There were correspondingly fewer special care nursery admissions during exposure 1 (38.5% vs. 43.5%;aRR 0.91 95% CI 0.87-0.95, P < 0.001), but no changes in stillbirth (1.5% vs. 1.4%;aRR 1.00, 95% CI 0.99-1.01, P = 0.85). Compared with the pre-pandemic period, exposure 2 was associated with a trend to more PTB < 28 weeks and significantly higher neonatal intensive care unit admissions (25.0% vs. 19.6%;aRR 1.06 95% CI 1.03-1.10, P < 0.001). Conclusion(s): Melbourne's first lockdown-exposure period was associated with fewer preterm twin births for suspected fetal compromise, without any increase in stillbirth.

Perception of families with nursery school children facing mediated learning through information and communication technologies (ICTs) in times of COVID-19.

This study aims to assess the perception of families, having children attending nursery school, about learning mediated by information and communication technologies (ICTs) in times of COVID-19. Data is gathered by using an opinion questionnaire on family habits. The sample corresponds to 261 families of children ages 4 to 5 years old who participate on virtual classes at 38 educational institutions in the Province of Concepción (Chile). The results show that families acknowledge learning achievements mediated by ICTs. They also recognize the importance of ICTs' educational role in a virtual context. However, families state that they lack sufficient time and technological skills to support their children's learning at home. It is concluded that the families surveyed have a favorable perception of their children's learning through virtual education, but there is evidence that they face challenges to connect to the Internet, which affects achieving a consistent contribution in their children's educational processes. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la percepción de familias de niños que asisten al nivel de educación parvularia respecto del aprendizaje mediado con tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC), en tiempos de COVID-19. La recolección de datos se realiza mediante un cuestionario de opinión sobre prácticas familiares. La muestra corresponde a 261 familias de niños de 4 y 5 años que participan de clases virtuales en 38 establecimientos de la Provincia de Concepción (Chile). Los resultados muestran que las familias reconocen el logro de diversos aprendizajes mediados por las TIC, y la importancia de su rol educativo en contexto virtual. Sin embargo, declaran escaso conocimiento tecnológico y tiempo para apoyar a sus hijos en el hogar. Se concluye que las familias tienen una percepción favorable de los aprendizajes de sus hijos mediante la educación virtual, aunque, se evidencia que las familias presentan dificultades para conectarse a Internet, afectando su participación sistemática en el proceso educativo de sus niños. (Spanish) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Información Tecnológica is the property of Centro de Informacion Tecnologica (CIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

The creation of educational resources through the use of blogs during the lockdown period: a case study of a nursery school

During the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic, educational centres made a considerable effort to adapt to the unforeseen circumstances. This article analyses how a nursery school (0-3 years) used a blog between the months of March and June 2020. It examines the use of a blog to develop and implement educational ma-terials and activities that were targeted at the school's students and families who were confined at home. The use of a blog allowed the educational staff to maintain the same educational approach that the nursery school had been using since its beginnings. © GKA Ediciones, authors.

Epilepsy Connections'Beyond the Clinic Walls

Objective: As part of Epilepsy Connections' role in providing support to people affected by epilepsy, we aim to raise awareness of epilepsy at a community/grassroots level, with particular focus on: (1) school communities through our Schools Project/Seizure-Smart Schools;and (2) providing fun activities for families affected by childhood epilepsies (FACE). We recognise that for young people with epilepsy (YPE) to live their lives to the full, their needs go much further than the clinical involvement of their healthcare teams. Our objectives were (1) To promote knowledge of epilepsy, seizures and how to help when a seizure happens'so that YPE can go about their lives, confident that the people around them are informed and respectful;and (2) to provide fun activities for YPE and their families. Method(s): (1) Age-appropriate playground-based activities (message games, story time/roleplay/drama, arts and crafts, using hands-on brain/neuron models) for nursery/primary classes, and workshops for secondary/college students/school staff;(2) large-scale public events (virtual festivals and face-to-face) in collaboration with the Glasgow Science Centre, and EPNA Congress in Glasgow;(3) bespoke, supported days out for individual families;(4) Three residential trips to Ardentinny Outdoor Education Centre since September 2021, for families new to us and those already accessing our services. Result(s): (1) Engagement with thousands of participants;(2) YPE and families took part in fun, adventurous outdoors activities (canoeing, gorge walking, climbing, abseiling, forest and beach walks), got together for meals, informal peer support and family disco! Conclusion(s): Families value having breaks and activities in a supportive, inclusive and bespoke way. We re-modelled how we provide our activities within school communities and with FACE, to reflect COVID-19 protective measures. Nonetheless, the ongoing impact of COVID-19 restricts opportunities to engage.

Mobile Robots for COVID-19 Pandemic: A State of the Art

This paper aims to show how technology and automation have supported the fight against the covid-19 pandemic and how have contributed to assistance and personal interaction, the state of the art and some of the models that are being used in common applications that have a risk of contact or transmission are presented. Finally, the use of technology in the health area in El Salvador is discussed. © 2022 IEEE.

Mask wearing in Japanese and French nursery schools: The perceived impact of masks on communication.

Due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, covering the mouth region with a face mask became pervasive in many regions of the world, potentially impacting how people communicate with and around children. To explore the characteristics of this masked communication, we asked nursery school educators, who have been at the forefront of daily masked interaction with children, about their perception of daily communicative interactions while wearing a mask in an online survey. We collected data from French and Japanese nursery school educators to gain an understanding of commonalities and differences in communicative behavior with face masks given documented cultural differences in pre-pandemic mask wearing habits, face scanning patterns, and communicative behavior. Participants (177 French and 138 Japanese educators) reported a perceived change in their own communicative behavior while wearing a mask, with decreases in language quantity and increases in language quality and non-verbal cues. Comparable changes in their team members' and children's communicative behaviors were also reported. Moreover, our results suggest that these changes in educators' communicative behaviors are linked to their attitudes toward mask wearing and their potential difficulty in communicating following its use. These findings shed light on the impact of pandemic-induced mask wearing on children's daily communicative environment.

New approaches to data collection with research participants: Distance learning in Cameroon

This article draws from a larger doctoral study that examines parents' and teachers' perceptions of parental involvement in early childhood learning. The Covid-19 lockdown happened on March 18, 2020, in Cameroon before data collection was completed, therefore presenting an opportunity to investigate home-school relationships during this period. The private nursery school's initiative in organising distance learning during the lockdown was unexpected, considering Cameroon is a lower-middle-income country where most families struggle to afford digital tools for online learning. Thus, I was interested in finding out perceptions of how this was achieved. New approaches for data collection were adopted using WhatsApp messaging and Zoom interviews with parents and teachers;WhatsApp messaging was especially chosen to suit participants' needs in this context. The head teacher was recruited as a teacher-researcher who elicited children's stories through conversation and drawing techniques. There were challenges in renegotiating participants' consent and setting Zoom interviews due to differences in time zones and poor network connectivity. After data collection, retrospective ethical approval was sought to include the additional information in my research. The insights gained from the study can be helpful for researchers concerning emergency response strategies in data collection, steps for gaining further ethical approval and adding knowledge on research methodology about online data collection. © 2022, Wilf Malcolm Institute of Educational Research. All rights reserved.

What Should We do in Pre-School Educational Institutions and Schools in the New Normal Period of the COVID-19 Epidemic?

The COVID-19 outbreak, which emerged in China towards the end of 2019 and spread to the whole world in a short time, affected many countries. While countries are struggling with coronavirus disease, they have started to be crushed under the socio-economic effects of both the health system and the epidemic. The health system of many countries has collapsed and has become inadequate for itself. This worldwide epidemic has hit hard on production, economy, trade, tourism, education and culture. The number of cases started to decrease as a result of the measures and restrictions taken during the pandemic process. After the epidemic, which was partially taken under control in line with the measures taken, the studies for transition to new normal started. Thus, the first steps have been taken to eliminate the social and economic side effects of the outbreak. Small child care may also be needed for working parents with the onset of a controlled new life. For this reason, it is planned to open preschool education institutions in a controlled manner. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] 2019 yılının sonuna doğru Çin'de ortaya çıkan ve kısa sürede tüm dünyaya yayılan COVID-19 salgını birçok ülkeyi etkisi altına almıştır. Ülkeler koronavirüs hastalığı ile mücadele ederken gerek sağlık sistemi gerekse salgının sosyo-ekonomik etkileri altında ezilmeye başlamıştır. Birçok ülkenin sağlık sistemi çökmüş olup kendisine yetemeyecek duruma gelmiştir. Dünya çapındaki bu salgın üretime, ekonomiye, ticarete, turizme, eğitime ve kültür hayatına ağır bir darbe vurmuştur. Pandemi sürecinde alınan tedbirler, kısıtlamalar sonuncunda vaka sayıları azalmaya başlamıştır. Alınan önlemler doğrultusunda kısmen de olsa kontrol altına alınan salgın sonrasında yeni normale geçiş çalışmaları başlamıştır. Böylece salgının getirdiği sosyal ve ekonomik yan etkilerinin giderilmesi için ilk adımlar atılmaya başlanmıştır. Kontrollü yeni hayatın başlaması ile çalışan ebeveynler için de küçük çocuk bakımı ihtiyaç olabilir. Bu sebeple okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarının da kontrollü şekilde açılması planlanmıştır. (Turkish) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Gazi Medical Journal is the property of Gazi Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Bilious Emesis and Failure to Pass Meconium in the Nursery

Introduction: In this case we review important newborn nursery management strategies and unique surgical diagnostic measures in a severe case of intestinal obstruction due to small left colon syndrome (SLCS) - illustrating an impressive relationship between intestinal dysmotility and meconium plug formation that increases risk of intestinal perforation in the newborn. Case Description: We present a case of an infant born to a mother with symptomatic COVID-19, who at 24 hours of life was treated for failure to pass meconium with a glycerin suppository and went on to develop bilious emesis and severe abdominal distention as feeding continued over the next several hours. After a normal upper GI, a barium enema identified a distal obstruction and the pediatric surgical team used rectal irrigation to remove a large meconium plug which mimicked the appearance of the descending colon on plain film, ultimately leading to the diagnosis of SLCS. The infant went on to stool normally after removal, however due to the severity of his initial clinical picture, a multi-disciplinary team was consulted, and concluded that given the severity of the meconium plug, a workup for cystic fibrosis was indicated, but deferred a rectal biopsy for Hirschprung disease due to normal return of bowel function upon removal of the obstruction. Discussion: Meconium plug syndrome is a transient distal GI obstruction in the lower colon or rectum with thick meconium and is thought to be due to poor intestinal motility. A contrast enema is typically diagnostic, showing a decrease in bowel caliber distal to the plug, and therapeutic, as the plug is often passed during the procedure. A sharp transition zone at the splenic flexure followed by a narrow descending colon on imaging is consistent with SLCS with a meconium plug at the transition zone. Infants presenting with both meconium plug syndrome and SLCS may require an evaluation for an underlying diagnosis of cystic fibrosis or Hirschprung disease. Delayed meconium passage is present in 11.9% of infants diagnosed with cystic fibrosis, while 15% of infants with meconium plugs have an aganglionic segment on rectal biopsy, indicative of Hirschprung disease. The decision to perform additional tests in an infant with SLCS should be guided by the patient's clinical course and in conjunction with a pediatric surgical team. Conclusion: Although intestinal obstruction in the newborn is rather rare, it is imperative that it is promptly diagnosed and treated to avoid negative outcomes. Despite being considered a mild form of obstruction due to its transient nature, meconium plug syndrome can lead to an impressive clinical illness and urgent consultation with a surgical team is vital due to the risk of intestinal perforation if the obstruction is not relieved.

SINGULARITIES OF NURSERY CARE (0 TO 3 YEARS OLD): CASE STUDY IN THE NURSERY DURING THE PANDEMIC

This study analyzed the context of day care in the times of the Covid-19 pandemic, held in 2020, seeking to explore what practices were carried out to provide care during the period in which it was mandatory to maintain social distance. Such an approach was necessary due to the singularities of this stage of education, since it differs from the rest because it is structured through interactions and games, with coexistence being one of the children's rights. Aiming to reflect on the importance of the daycare stage pointing out the reality of a nursery class. This purpose was achieved through a case study in an early childhood education center where interviews were applied to teachers in action in addition to the observations made by the researcher. The analysis highlighted the importance of day care for the integral development of children, as well as clarified the difficulties faced by teachers in attending through non-face-to-face teaching during the pandemic period.

Crop Cycle Length Determines Optimal Transplanting Date for Seedlings from Hybrid True Potato Seeds

The technology of hybrid breeding in diploid potatoes creates opportunities to design novel and improved cultivation systems based on hybrid true potato seeds. A promising cultivation pathway to produce seed or ware tubers is by transplanting greenhouse-raised seedlings into the field. This study explored the effects of transplanting date and seedling age on tuber yield, using greenhouse-raised seedlings. Field trials with experimental hybrid genotypes were conducted in three consecutive years. In 2017 and 2018, 4- and 6-week-old seedlings were transplanted at four dates: March, April, May and June. In 2019, transplanting dates included April, May and June and seedling age was 5 weeks. In 2018, the March planting experienced severe frost during the initial field period resulting in crop failure. In 2017 and 2019, plants could withstand shorter and less severe frost events. Seedling age did not significantly affect tuber parameters. Transplanting in June resulted in lower marketable yield (> 28 mm) compared with earlier transplanting dates when crops were harvested in September. At full crop senescence, no differences in marketable yield were observed. The optimal transplanting window, taking into account weather-related risks, is approximately between early April and end May. For some genotypes, crop cycle length was observed to be a more important yield-determining factor than transplanting date. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Potato Research is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Effects of the COVID-19 lockdowns on the management of coral restoration projects.

Coral restoration initiatives are gaining significant momentum in a global effort to enhance the recovery of degraded coral reefs. However, the implementation and upkeep of coral nurseries are particularly demanding, so that unforeseen breaks in maintenance operations might jeopardize well-established projects. In the last 2 years, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a temporary yet prolonged abandonment of several coral gardening infrastructures worldwide, including remote localities. Here we provide a first assessment of the potential impacts of monitoring and maintenance breakdown in a suite of coral restoration projects (based on floating rope nurseries) in Colombia, Seychelles, and Maldives. Our study comprises nine nurseries from six locations, hosting a total of 3,554 fragments belonging to three coral genera, that were left unsupervised for a period spanning from 29 to 61 weeks. Floating nursery structures experienced various levels of damage, and total fragment survival spanned from 40 to 95% among projects, with Pocillopora showing the highest survival rate in all locations present. Overall, our study shows that, under certain conditions, abandoned coral nurseries can remain functional for several months without suffering critical failure from biofouling and hydrodynamism. Still, even where gardening infrastructures were only marginally affected, the unavoidable interruptions in data collection have slowed down ongoing project progress, diminishing previous investments and reducing future funding opportunities. These results highlight the need to increase the resilience and self-sufficiency of coral restoration projects, so that the next global lockdown will not further shrink the increasing efforts to prevent coral reefs from disappearing.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related containment measures on the mental health of children and adolescents.

Children and adolescents are particularly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the official containment measures. However, the effects on their mental health have been little studied. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize existing evidence on the mental health of children and adolescents in the first weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic and during the measures taken to contain it in Germany. First international and national studies draw a differential picture. Children and adolescents showed symptoms of anxiety and depression as well as a reduced quality of life. The closure of childcare and educational facilities and the associated loss of the familiar daytime structure as well as loss of contact and independent learning at home posed considerable challenges for affected children and their families. Spatial confinement at home and the lack of alternative options of stay during the containment measures could also have lead to increased family stress, heightened family aggression, and domestic violence. However, the findings of several studies also show that many families coped with the time during the containment measures mostly well. In the event of possible future pandemics or further waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, the needs of adolescents and their families during the containment measures should be given greater consideration.

Pure imagination

Readers in need of escapism can ponder the lessons learnt from head injuries in nursery rhyme characters (doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-068256)3 or the health of ageing superheroes (doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-068001).4 Feast your eyes on a traditional Christmas table and spot the toxic seasonal botanicals (doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-066995),5 click the QR codes to hear what gout and other conditions might sound like (doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-068240),6 and read Greta Bauer’s wildly duplicitous scheme for publishing poor research (doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-067350).7 Her infographic might help you evaluate whether second to fourth finger digit ratio is associated with luck when playing poker (doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-067849)8 or whether the density of heavy metal bands in a population is correlated with death (doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-067633).9 Juan Franco and Santiago Esteban demystify chance findings and artificial intelligence (doi:10.1136/bmj.n2915).10 Behind data are people, and empathy is as important in clinical research as in medicine. Among some trial participants, hope is treasured (doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-066851),11 but Christmas cards from their trial organisers proved less so (doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-067742).12 We can provide better care if we put ourselves in colleagues’ shoes, as a GP and a consultant learnt when they traded places (doi:10.1136/bmj.n3005),13 as did other clinicians who reflect here on their “covid careers” (doi:10.1136/bmj.n2762).14 Those redeployed to intensive care might have found it a “smidge” easier to navigate using James Hodgetts and colleagues’ slang dictionary for new starters—a reminder that clear language can make medicine safer and more inclusive (doi:10.1136/bmj-2021-067900).15 Many clinicians want to change lives for the better, especially those working in Afghanistan with Médecins Sans Frontières, which is where your donations to The BMJ’s annual appeal will go this year (doi:10.1136/bmj.n3004).16 Sometimes you have to think outside the box to change the world. [...]few things are as simple, seasonal, or wonderful as giving and receiving thanks (doi:10.1136/bmj.n2816).20 Join our campaign on Twitter to thank the people who have been supportive through the pandemic (#bmjcovidthanks): this may be the seasonal boost healthcare professionals need most as they prepare for what 2022 will bring. 1 Robertson D Doshi P. The end of the pandemic will not be televised.

P.0873 Gender-based analysis of the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers in Spain

Purpose: This study aims to analyze from a gender perspective the psychological distress experienced by the medical workforce during the peak of the pandemic. Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has been a source of distress for the medical workforce. In our region, the pandemic was particularly distressful, as Spain ranked first in the number of healthcare workers infections during the period of our study. However, multiple studies on the psychological impact of the pandemic show that the levels of distress are not equally distributed, and women are more severely affected than men. Most studies found significant differences in stress and anxiety symptoms by gender and job category (2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11);the latter is usually subject to gender segregation, as women tend to occupy lower-paid jobs such as nursing. Meta-analytic studies demonstrate that being a woman and lower-paid jobs, such as nursery, are risk factors for higher psychological distress during the pandemic (12,13,14,15,16,17). Methods: This is a single-center, observational analytic study that took place during May and June 2020. The study population comprised all associated health workers of the Cruces University Hospital, invited by email. It consisted of a questionary with four parts: the first included demographic data, followed by the general health questionary-28 (GHQ-28), the perceived stress scale (PSS-14), and finally, a survey for coping methods. A gender analysis was used to design and interpret data following the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines. Statistical analysis was carried out using IBM® SPSS® Statistics version 25.0 (IBM GmbH, Ehningen, Germany). Categorical data were presented as frequencies and percentages, and continuous variables as median and standard deviation. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis were applied to compare two or more groups, respectively. We conducted a Spearman's Rho correlation test between age and the PSS-14 score. A p-value of <0,05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Women made 74,6% of our sample, but their proportion was higher in lower-paid positions such as nursery (89,9%). The percentage of women categorized as cases with the GHQ-28 was 78,4%, a proportion significantly higher than in the male population (61,3%, p<0,001). We found significant differences in the Perceived Stress Scale respecting gender (e.g., median PSS scores among females vs. males: 10.44 [6.34] vs. 7.06 [6.33], p<0,01). Orderly staff had the highest scores among all job categories, differences that were statistically significant. The multivariant regression analysis showed that being female, lower-paid jobs, and having a past psychiatric history were risk factors for higher scores in both the GHQ-28 and PSS-14. The effect of gender was not influenced by age, marital status, or covid-19 infection. Conclusion: Females and lower-paid positions are at risk of higher psychological distress and worse quality of life within the medical workforce due to the pandemic. Gender analysis must be incorporated to analyze better and explain this fact. No conflict of interest Uncited references: [1,18]

Sleep and the General Behavior of Infants and Parents during the Closure of Schools as a Result of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Comparison with 2019 Data.

This study compared cross-sectional data from online surveys describing the sleep behavior of infants and caregivers in March 2020 (the school closure period during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic; n = 295, 23.8 ± 3.8 months old) and March 2019 (before the pandemic; n = 2017, 24.2 ± 3.8 months old). In comparing those two points in time, no significant differences were found in wake-up times (2019: 7:19 ± 0:46 am vs. 2020: 7:18 ± 0:47 am, p = 0.289), bedtimes (21:01 ± 0:48 pm vs. 21:04 ± 0:53 pm, p = 0.144), or nocturnal sleep times (593.7 ± 43.9 min vs. 588.1 ± 50.3 min, p = 0.613). Regarding the caregivers, in 2020, wake-up times (2019: 6:46 ± 0:50 am vs. 2020: 6:39 ± 0:50 am, p = 0.017) and bedtimes (22:53 ± 1:17 pm vs. 22:42 ± 1:04 pm, p = 0.016) became significantly earlier compared to 2019. Among infants staying at home, total sleep time and percentage of outdoor play decreased significantly, and media use increased significantly in 2020. Lower levels of exercise and more frequent media viewing may have caused prolonged sleep latency in these children. The percentage of caregivers responding with "negative childcare feelings" was significantly higher in the group with less than three nursery school attendance days. Caregivers and infants staying at home are a high-risk group during the pandemic.

Collaboration of Child Protective Services and Early Childhood Educators: Enhancing the Well-Being of Children in Need.

This paper examines the role of interprofessional collaboration in the identification and reporting of a child in need. Such collaboration is especially important in the context of the global pandemic caused by the novel Coronavirus disease of 2019, known as COVID-19. The child protection system must have the capacity and resources to respond to increased demands during this time, and early childhood educators serve as an essential link for child protective services in identifying and reporting a child in need. As an effective system to accomplish these two aims requires a working collaboration among its participants, Bronstein's interdisciplinary collaboration model was used as a framework to interpret this practice. A small-scale qualitative study was conducted that included principals of nursery schools and child protection workers from one region in Estonia. Findings indicate that effective collaboration was believed to require communication and ongoing systematic relationship building. Collaboration in practice varied, as principals reported a high turnover rate for the child protection workers, which hindered the development of a working relationship and support for the process of noticing and thereby identifying a child in need. In contrast, child protection workers assessed collaboration more positively, recognizing the need to have a supportive system in place for nursery schools. Both groups of collaborators acknowledged the need to train teachers, particularly to conduct joint training exercises to foster a common understanding of the child in need and of the intervention process itself.

Impact of Social Isolation on the Behavioral, Functional Profiles, and Hippocampal Atrophy Asymmetry in Dementia in Times of Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19): A Translational Neuroscience Approach.

The impact of COVID-19 on the elderly is devastating, and nursing homes are struggling to provide the best care to the most fragile. The urgency and severity of the pandemic forces the use of segregation in restricted areas and confinement in individual rooms as desperate strategies to avoid the spread of disease and the worst-case scenario of becoming a deadly trap. The conceptualization of the post-COVID-19 era implies strong efforts to redesign all living conditions, care/rehabilitation interventions, and management of loneliness forced by social distance measures. Recently, a study of gender differences in COVID-19 found that men are more likely to suffer more severe effects of the disease and are over twice as likely to die. It is well-known that dementia is associated with increased mortality, and males have worse survival and deranged neuro-immuno-endocrine systems than females. The present study examines the impact of long-term isolation in male 3xTg-AD mice modeling advanced stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and as compared to age-matched counterparts with normal aging. We used a battery of ethological and unconditioned tests resembling several areas in nursing homes. The main findings refer to an exacerbated (two-fold increase) hyperactivity and emergence of bizarre behaviors in isolated 3xTg-AD mice, worrisome results since agitation is a challenge in the clinical management of dementia and an important cause of caregiver burden. This increase was consistently shown in gross (activity in most of the tests) and fine (thermoregulatory nesting) motor functions. Isolated animals also exhibited re-structured anxiety-like patterns and coping-with-stress strategies. Bodyweight and kidney weight loss were found in AD-phenotypes and increased by isolation. Spleen weight loss was isolation dependent. Hippocampal tau pathology was not modified, but asymmetric atrophy of the hippocampus, recently described in human patients with dementia and modeled here for the first time in an animal model of AD, was found to increase with isolation. Overall, the results show awareness of the impact of isolation in elderly patients with dementia, offering some guidance from translational neuroscience in these times of coronavirus and post-COVID-19 pandemic. They also highlight the relevance of personalized-based interventions tailored to the heterogeneous and complex clinical profile of the individuals with dementia and to consider the implications on caregiver burden.

[Confinement: maintaining links with parents when the child is in placement]. / Confinement : préserver les liens avec les parents lorsque l'enfant est placé.

In the field of child protection, the first confinement linked to the epidemic wave has had many consequences... preceded by many questions: how will things turn out for children placed in nurseries? How can the parent-child bond be maintained after a sudden stop in visits? In the field, professionals have had to adapt and reorganise, while respecting health recommendations.